PDGFs exist as disulfide-linked dimers comprising two polypeptide chains, PDGF-A and PDGF-B, each weighing between 12.0 and 13.5 kDa. Among the three naturally occurring PDGFs—PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, and PDGF-AB—all are potent mitogens affecting various cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and certain blood cells. These growth factors are stored in platelet α-granules and released upon platelet activation, contributing to processes like hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development.

PDGFs engage two distinct signaling receptors known as PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. PDGFR-α serves as a high-affinity receptor for all three PDGF forms, while PDGFR-β selectively interacts with PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB. Recombinant Human PDGF-AA is a 28.5 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two A chains, totaling 250 amino acids.